How does ATM minimize delays in data transmission?

ATM, or Asynchronous Transfer Mode, minimizes delays in data transmission primarily by employing hardware switching. This method enables faster data processing and routing through the network compared to software-based switching. Hardware switching allows for the quicker packet forwarding that is essential in minimizing latency, as the switching process occurs at the physical layer of the network hardware. This is particularly important in applications that require real-time data transmission, such as voice and video communications.

In contrast, options focusing on software-based switching may introduce additional delays, as processing must occur at the software level, which is typically slower than hardware operations. Increasing the data packet size can lead to larger segments of data requiring more time for processing and transmission, potentially increasing delays rather than reducing them. While utilizing fiber optics can enhance overall bandwidth and speed, the core mechanism of delay reduction in ATM is its reliance on efficient hardware switching technology.