What is the primary function of DNS?

The primary function of DNS, or Domain Name System, is to translate hostnames into IP addresses. This process is crucial because while humans find it easier to remember domain names like "www.example.com," computers and networking equipment operate using numerical IP addresses such as "192.0.2.1." When a user enters a hostname in a web browser, DNS servers resolve that hostname by looking up its corresponding IP address, allowing the user's device to connect to the correct server hosting the desired website or service.

This translation is essential for navigating the internet, as it facilitates communication between devices by enabling users to use familiar names instead of needing to remember complicated numerical addresses. Without DNS, it would be significantly more challenging to access websites and online services, as users would need to memorize and input the specific IP addresses.

The other functions listed, such as assigning IP addresses, controlling access to network resources, and managing data transmission speeds, do not accurately describe the primary role of DNS. Each of these tasks is handled by different protocols or systems within a network. For instance, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is responsible for assigning IP addresses, while firewalls may control access to network resources, and network protocols determine data transmission speeds.