Which model is used to describe how data moves through a network?

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is widely recognized for its role in describing how data moves through a network. It provides a framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. Each layer has its own specific role in managing the transmission of data, ensuring that data is properly formatted, routed, and delivered across the network.

The layers of the OSI model—from the physical transmission of bits at the physical layer to application-level interactions at the application layer—demonstrate how data flows from one device to another. This model is particularly valuable for troubleshooting and designing networks, as it helps practitioners visualize and understand the interactions and dependencies between different networking protocols and technologies.

In contrast, the TCP/IP model, while also important for networking, is a more streamlined version with only four layers and focuses specifically on the protocols used in the Internet. The Network Layer model and Data Communication model are less commonly referenced or do not provide the comprehensive view of data movement that the OSI model does. Therefore, the OSI model remains a crucial tool for understanding network architecture and data flow.